Know better the inventor of the GPS?

After 30 years of GPS satellite launches into space. Lots of changes obtained after the launch mission. The world that earlier use of technology in determining the direction of the compass. Now the world made easy with the GPS technology, so no need to confusion in determining the direction. In addition, many other uses are obtained from GPS. Examples such as can detect ground measurements that are down in the area Porong, Sidoarjo, Indonesia.

But you know, who the inventor of guiding this remarkable direction. The inventor of this tool is Ivan Getting and Brad Parkinson. They also lead in the discovery of this powerful tool. Here's a brief biography of them both:

Ivan A. Getting was born on 18 January, 1912 in New York City to family of Slovak immigrants from Bytča, Slovakia and grew up in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) as an Edison Scholar (S.B. Physics, 1933); and Oxford University as a Graduate Rhodes Scholar (D.Phil., 1935). He then worked at Harvard University on nuclear instrumentation and cosmic rays (Junior Fellow, 1935-1940) and the MIT Radiation Laboratory (1940-1950; Director of the Division on Fire Control and Army Radar, Associate Professor 1945; Professor 1946). During the Second World War he was a special consultant to Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson on the Army’s use of radar. He also served as head of the Naval Fire Control Section of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, member of the Combined Chiefs of Staff Committee on Searchlight and Fire Control, and head of the Radar Panel of the Research and Development Board of the Department of Defense.he was getting involed in world War 2.

In 1950, during the Korean War, Getting became Assistant for Development Planning, Deputy Chief of Staff, United States Air Force; and in 1951, Vice President for Engineering and Research at the Raytheon Corporation (1951-1960). While at Raytheon, Getting also served on the Undersea Warfare Committee of the National Research Council.

In 1960 Getting became founding President of The Aerospace Corporation (1960-1977). The Corporation was established at the request of the Secretary of the Air Force as a non-profit organization to apply "the full resources of modern science and technology to the problem of achieving those continued advances in ballistic missiles and space systems, which are basic to national security." Getting was also a founding member of the Air Force Scientific Advisory Group (later renamed the Scientific Advisory Board) and chair of its Electronics Panel. In 1978 he served as President of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. He served on the Board of Directors of the Northrop Corporation and the Board of Trustees of the Environmental Research Institute of Michigan.Getting retired from The Aerospace Corporation in 1977, and died on October 11, 2003, in Coronado, California (more info)



While the biographies of  Bradford Parkinson (February 16, 1935) is an American engineer and inventor, and United States Air Force colonel best known as the father of the Global Positioning System.

He attended the United States Naval Academy, graduating in 1957, but decided to join the Air Force because of its superior educational opportunities. Parkinson then attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for his M.S. in Aeronautics, graduating in 1961.

After several years in the Air Force, he entered a Ph. D. program at Stanford University, graduating in 1966. In 1973 he became manager of the NAVSTAR GPS development program, where he remained until 1978 when he retired from the Air Force. In 1984, Parkinson became a professor at Stanford University, where today he is a professor emeritus.

In 2003 he shared the Draper Prize with Ivan A. Getting for his contributions to the invention of the Global Positioning System. In 2004 he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. Today Parkinson lives in San Luis Obispo, California near his six children and five grandchildren (more info). That story may be useful...thank's

Keywords you can use to search for this article

• Who is the inventor of GPS ?
• Know better the inventor of the GPS
• How the history of GPS ?
• Who is Ivan A. Getting and Bradford Parkinson ?
• Bradford Parkinson : GPS Pioneer.
• Bradford Parkinson Biography.
• Ivan A. Getting Biography.
• GPS can detect ground measurements.

Various kinds of GPS Satellite Signal

There are 3 kinds of signals which is owned by GPS :
Carriers
GPS satellites send signals on two frequencies. L1 1575.42 MHz by bringing the two status messages and pseudo-random code for the purpose of calculating the time. 1227.60 MHz L2 brings with menggunakaan precession more accurate due to military purposes. Power radio signals emitted only ranged from 20-50 Watts. This is classified as very low considering the distance between the GPS and satellite to 12,000 miles. The signal emitted by line of sight (LOS), can pass through clouds, glass but can not be solid objects like buildings, mountains.

Pseudo-Random Codes
GPS is used for the public to monitor the frequency of L1 on the UHF (Ultra High Frequency) 1575.42 MHz. L1 signal that is sent will have the patterns of a particular digital code known as pseudorandom. Transmit signal consists of two parts: the code Protected (P) and the Coarse / Acquisition (C / A). Code that was sent was also unique among the satellites, allowing each receiver to distinguish signals sent by one satellite with another satellite. Some code Protected (P) also exists a randomized, so as not to be accepted by ordinary GPS. The random signal is known as the Anti-spoofing, which is commonly used by GPS specifically for certain purposes such as military.

Navigation Message
There is a weak power frequency signal added to the L1 codes that gives information about satellite orbits, clock corectionnya and other system status.

GPS Functionality

GPS or Global Positioning System, is a device or system that can be used to information the user where he is here on satellite-based earth's surface. To be able to identify where a person is given the tools it needs a GPS receiver which receives signals sent from GPS satellites. The position on the change becomes a point known as waypoint. Waypoint in the form of points of latitude and longitude coordinates of the position of a person or a location is then displayed on the screen on an electronic map. Data sent from the satellite in the form of radio signals with digital data. Wherever you are, then the GPS can help indicate the direction, as long as you see the sky. GPS service is available free of charge, did not even need to pay anything except buy a GPS receiver. GPS receiver module shaped and generate NMEA data containing position data. GPS receiver itself contains several integrated circuit (IC) technology is so cheap and easy to use by everyone. Examples of GPS receivers currently on the market is the Garmin 10x. GPS receiver module has the characteristics of the data can only provide information on the position but were unable to send data over long distances. Therefore, we need technology to transmit data remotely through the Internet. The technology is GPRS (General Packet Radio Service).




At present GPS is implemented on many people's lives. For example, use on aircraft, ships, cargo car. In addition, GPS can also be used for the benefit of individuals (personnal tracking systems), for example, used as vehicle tracking.
In general, the use of GPS, among others:

1. Supports the application of GIS (Geographic Information System) includes monitoring (monitoring), tracking (tracking), pemandauan (guidance).
2. GPS as a means of digitizing the earth.
3. GPS function to correlate the data.
4. GPS is an auxiliary device analysis, because the GPS uses information as a key position to analyze, make inferences, or decided.

After experiencing growth, the GPS currently widely used to meet human needs such as:

1. Navigation system in ITS (Intelligent Transport System). This system can be implemented on a police patrol car, train, ambulance, taxi, car delivery (Courrier).
2. As an ocean transportation navigation systems.
3. In the world of the military, GPS is widely used in tracking the troops and equipment. In addition, GPS is widely used in the enemy's reconnaissance forces.
4. GPS is also used in monitoring forest fires.

Garmin 10X

History of GPS

GPS was originally only used only for military purposes, but in 1980, a new GPS can be used for civilian purposes. Although GPS satellites worth hundreds of millions of dollars, but everyone can use it for free. The satellites were owned by the Ministry of Defence (the Department of Defense), the United States who first introduced starting in 1978. GPS can be used anywhere within 24 hours. The position of the GPS unit will be determined based on points of degrees of latitude and longitude coordinates. GPS satellites first launched in 1978, In the development of the GPS many more. In 1994 there were 24 satellite GPS. Now the GPS satellites that operate already more than 30 pieces. GPS satellite age average of 10 years, so when they are past 10 years, it should be routine maintenance or replacement. GPS satellite weight average 2000 ± pounds (± 1 ton), the width of the solar panel is ± 17 feet / ± 5 meters, power transmission. GPS satellites orbiting at an altitude of approximately 12,000 miles of Earth's surface. This position is ideal because the satellite can reach a wider coverage area. These satellites will always be a position that can reach all the areas above the earth's surface so as to minimize the occurrence of blank spots (areas not covered by the satellite coverage). Each satellite can circumnavigate the globe in just 12 hours. Very quickly, so that the GPS satellites can always reach your position anywhere on the earth's surface.